Elders in Public Housing: Sense of Community, Physical and Psychological Well-Being

Judith Gonyea
School of Social Work
Boston University
264 Bay State Road
Boston MA 02215
617.353.3748
FAX: 617.353.5612
jgonyea@bu.edu
 
Sara  Bachman
School of Social Work
Boston University
264 Bay State Road
Boston MA 02215
617.353.3748
FAX: 617.353.5612
sbachman@bu.edu
Purpose:  Senior housing tenants have more risk factors that threaten their continued ability to live independently than do community-living elderly. They are poorer, more likely to live alone and more functionally impaired.  Housing authorities face new challenges in meeting the needs of these residents who are increasingly older, more racially diverse, and more often have psychiatric and social morbidity histories as a result of years in poverty.  This study's objective was to examine the role of a "sense of community" on elders' perceptions of physical health, mental health, and unmet service needs as well as to explore variations in these perceptions across racial groups.

Methods: This study is part of a larger research project on health status and quality of life of Boston public housing residents. In-person interviews were conducted with 196 residents aged 62 years and older.  The sample was 38% African American, 22% Hispanic/Latino, 22% Caucasian, 12% Asian American, and 6% Other.  The interviews were conducted in English, Spanish and Chinese.   Standardized instruments included the SF-36 scales of vitality, bodily pain, and mental health.

Results:  Analysis revealed that "social connection" significantly impacted a number of the health outcomes.  Moreover, there were significant racial differences in how elders viewed their building as a "community." Of considerable importance is the variation by race in respondents' preferences that service providers be of the same ethnic and/or language group.
 
Practice Implications: Findings indicate that the development of effective service models that enhance elders' quality of life requires an understanding of the complex issues that comprise this phenomenon of "aging in place" in public housing.   Information about residents' needs is critical to develop service models that promote linkages between elders and an appropriate, culturally sensitive mix of services that support an individual to age in place with maximum independence.