Substance Problems in Women with Histories of Child Abuse, Partner Violence, and Racism

Christine R. Call
Department of Psychiatry - Institute for Juvenile Research
University of Illinois at Chicago M/C747
840 South Wood Street - CSN 311B
Chicago, IL   60612
312-413-1441
FAX: 312-413-1036
ccall1@uic.edu
Purpose:  Studies have begun to identify a relationship between child abuse, intimate male partner violence and the development of substance problems for women, but few have attempted to identify factors which might explain this relationship. This study’s purpose was to examine the relationship of women’s experience of child abuse and intimate male partner abuse to the severity of their substance problem and to further examine perceived vulnerability, self-silencing beliefs and behaviors and subjective distress as possible contributing factors. For Black women, the possible influence of distress from racism experiences was also examined.

Methods:  This paper will report findings from an exploratory study of 125 women enrolled in a large urban substance use treatment program who completed a questionnaire with standardized instruments and open ended questions about victimization. Addiction severity index scores from their intake assessments were used in the data analyses.

Results: High rates of child abuse, male partner abuse and racism experiences were found in the sample. Based on bivariate correlations child abuse was positively and significantly associated with self-silencing and subjective distress. Past male partner sexual abuse and institutional racism were significantly and positively associated with drug problem severity and current male partner emotional, physical and sexual abuse with alcohol problem severity. A proposed model for further testing, explaining the relationship of the variables to substance problem severity is presented.

Implications for practice: Women in substance treatment programs should be screened for current partner violence and be provided appropriate interventions.  Substance treatment programs should develop assessment and safety policies around current victims in their program, including training for their staff.  Increased collaboration with local victim service programs is suggested for substance treatment programs to increase training for staff and appropriate interventions for clients.  Programs should address the role of racism for women of color.